ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. It’s a common condition that affects how people think, behave, and manage their attention. ADHD often begins in childhood, but many people continue to experience symptoms well into adulthood. Because ADHD has historically been misunderstood and underdiagnosed, many adults live with the condition without knowing it.

People with ADHD may find it hard to focus, feel very active (hyperactive), or act on impulse without thinking things through. These behaviours can make everyday life more challenging, affecting performance at school or work and sometimes creating difficulties in relationships.

The exact cause of ADHD isn’t fully understood, but research suggests several factors play a role:

• Genetics: ADHD often runs in families. If a parent or sibling has ADHD, the chances are higher for other family members.
• Brain Development: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition, meaning it relates to how the brain grows and functions.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to substances like tobacco, alcohol, or lead during pregnancy may increase risk. Premature birth and low birth weight are also linked.
• Family and Social Environment: Stressful home environments or early trauma may contribute, although they don’t directly cause ADHD.

ADHD symptoms vary from person to person and can change over time. They often fall into several categories:

Attention Difficulties: Trouble focusing on tasks, being easily distracted, losing items, forgetting appointments, and struggling to complete tasks.

Executive Function Challenges: Poor time management, disorganisation, difficulty planning, and frequent procrastination.

Impulsivity: Interrupting conversations, making quick decisions without thinking, difficulty waiting, and blurting out comments.

Restlessness and Hyperactivity: Feeling constantly “on the go,” fidgeting, trouble sitting still, and seeking stimulation.

Emotional Regulation: Mood swings, irritability, low frustration tolerance, and feeling overwhelmed.